package mdx

  1. Overview
  2. Docs
Executable code blocks inside markdown files

Install

Dune Dependency

Authors

Maintainers

Sources

mdx-2.4.1.tbz
sha256=1a40cc91cc553ded0a20c98d434354953bdb759ecc91ad36bbb9a7dd0412af13
sha512=fbf40bbe6226401b63694f2ac69fa05e5540020a896d94d17ced6f57265cf5d7e6445ef7f0391c21ca2c05615fb9eecd9e6be93ee53d666bfeb400fc554de478

Description

ocaml-mdx allows to execute code blocks inside markdown files. There are (currently) two sub-commands, corresponding to two modes of operations: pre-processing (ocaml-mdx pp) and tests (ocaml-mdx test).

The pre-processor mode allows to mix documentation and code, and to practice "literate programming" using markdown and OCaml.

The test mode allows to ensure that shell scripts and OCaml fragments in the documentation always stays up-to-date.

Published: 13 Mar 2024

README

README.md

MDX

MDX allows to execute code blocks inside markdown and mli/mld documentation to help keeping them up to date.

Use the dune stanza to enable it on your documentation.

mdx is released on opam and can be installed by running:

$ opam install mdx

If you want to contribute to the project, please see the CONTRIBUTING.md.

Basic Usage

You can use MDX with your Markdown or .ml{i,d} documentation, which ensures code in multi-line or verbatim code blocks is correct.

To enable MDX on specific files you must first enable it for your project by adding the following stanza to your dune-project:

(using mdx 0.2)

Note that version 0.2 of the MDX stanza is only available in dune 3.0 or higher. You can use the first, 0.1 version with dune 2.4 or higher.

Then add the following in the relevant dune file:

(mdx)

That enables MDX on all markdown files in the folder. The MDX stanza can be further configured. Please visit the relevant section of dune's manual for more information.

MDX supports various type of code blocks but the most common are OCaml toplevel blocks. We illustrate one in our example below. In a Markdown file, you would write something similar to this:

Let's look at how good OCaml is with integers and strings:
```ocaml
# 1 + 2;;
- : int = 2
# "a" ^ "bc";;
- : string = "ab"
```

or in an mli file:

(** Let's look at how good OCaml is with integers and strings:
    {@ocaml[
    # 1 + 2;;
    - : int = 2
    # "a" ^ "bc";;
    - : string = "ab"
    ]}
*)

The content of the toplevel blocks looks just like an interactive toplevel session. Phrases, i.e., the toplevel "input", start with a # and end with ;;. The toplevel evaluation, or "output" follows each phrase.

Now you probably have noticed that 1 + 2 is not equal to 2 nor is "a" ^ "bc" to "ab". Somebody must have updated the phrases, but then forgot to update the evaluation.

That's exactly why MDX is here!

If you enable MDX for this file and then ran dune runtest, this would be the result:

$ dune runtest
File "README.md", line 1, characters 0-0:
       git (internal) (exit 1)
(cd _build/default && /usr/bin/git --no-pager diff --no-index --color=always -u README.md .mdx/README.md.corrected)
diff --git a/README.md b/.mdx/README.md.corrected
index 181b86f..458ecec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/.mdx/README.md.corrected
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
Let's look at how good OCaml is with integers and strings:
```ocaml
# 1 + 2;;
-- : int = 2
+- : int = 3
# "a" ^ "bc";;
-- : string = "ab"
+- : string = "abc"
```

The test run just failed and dune is showing the diff between what we have locally and what should be, according to MDX. This uses dune's promotion workflow so at this point you can either investigate it further if you're surprised by this diff or if you're happy with it, simply accept it by running:

dune promote

Now the documentation is up-to-date and running dune runtest again should be successful!

Note that to use the dune runtest/promote workflow with mli or mld files, you will need to adjust the mdx stanza in the dune file, as by default, Dune only checks markdown files with mdx. E.g.,

(mdx
 (files :standard - *.mli))

Supported Extensions

Labels

The blocks can be parameterized by mdx-specific labels, that will change the way mdx interprets the block.

The markdown syntax is: <!-- $MDX LABELS -->, where LABELS is a list of valid labels separated by a comma. This line has to immediately precede the block it is attached to.

<!-- $MDX LABELS -->
```ocaml
```

The .mli and .mld syntax for this is is slightly different to match the conventions of OCaml documentation comments:

(** This is an documentation comment with an ocaml block
    {@ocaml LABELS [
    ]}
*)

The possible labels are:

  • skip -- ignore this block

  • ocaml, cram, toplevel, include -- set the block type

  • version=VERSION -- set OCaml version

  • non-deterministic[=output|command] -- see "Non-deterministic tests" section

  • dir=PATH -- set the directory where the tests should be run

  • source-tree=PATH -- does nothing?

  • file=PATH -- see the "File sync" section

  • part=PART -- see the "File sync" section

  • env=ENV -- see the "Named execution environments" section

  • set-VAR=VALUE -- set an environment variable

  • unset-VAR -- unset an environment variable

Shell Scripts

ocaml-mdx interprets shell scripts inside sh code blocks as cram-like tests. The syntax is the following:

  • Lines beginning with a dollar sign and a space are commands and will be run in the shell.

  • Multi-lines commands end by \ and continue with two spaces and a > sign on the next line:

     ```sh
     $ <line1> \
     > <line2> \
     > <line3>
     ```
    
  • Commands support the heredoc syntax (<<):

     ```sh
     $ cat <<EOF \
     > hello\
     > world\
     > EOF
     hello
     world
     ```
    
  • Lines beginning without a dollar sign are considered command outputs.

  • Command outputs can contain ellipses: .... These will match any possible outputs (on zero, one or multiple lines).

  • Arbitrary padding with whitespace is supported, as long as it is consistent inside a code block.

Here is an example of a markdown file using shell scripts inside code blocks, with a padding of 3:

```sh
   $ for i in `seq 1 10`
   1
   ...
   10
```

MDX will also consider exit codes when the syntax [<exit code>]is used:

```sh
$ exit 1
[1]
```

Note that nothing will be displayed when the exit code is 0 (e.g. in case of success).

OCaml Code

MDX interprets OCaml fragments. It understands normal code fragments and toplevel code fragments (starting with a # sign and optionally ending with ;;). Arbitrary whitespace padding is supported, at long as it stays consistent within a code block.

Toplevel fragments interleave OCaml code and their corresponding outputs.

Here is an example of normal OCaml code:

```ocaml
print_endline "42"
```

Here is an examples of toplevel OCaml code:

```ocaml
# print_endline "42"
42
```

File sync

MDX is also capable of including content from files in fenced code blocks using the label file. OCaml files can be sliced using named blocks:

(* $MDX part-begin=partName *)
let meaning_of_life () =
  print_endline "42"
(* $MDX part-end *)

These can then be included in the document:

<!-- $MDX file=sync_to_md.ml,part=partName -->
```ocaml
```

Non-OCaml files can also be read and included in a block:

<!-- $MDX file=any_file.txt -->
```
```

However, part splitting is only supported for OCaml files.

Tests

Cram Tests

Cram tests can be executed and checked with ocaml-mdx test <file.md>.

```sh
 $ for i in `seq 1 10`; do echo $i; done
 1
 ...
 10
 ```

If the output is not consistent with what is expected, <file.md>.corrected is generated.

OCaml

To execute OCaml code and toplevel fragments, uses ocaml-mdx test <file.md>.

```ocaml
# print_endline "42"
42
```

If the output is not consistent with what is expected <file.md>.corrected is generated.

Non-deterministic Tests

Non-deterministic Outputs

ocaml-mdx test supports non-deterministic outputs:

<!-- $MDX non-deterministic=output -->
```sh
$ <command>
<output>
```

In that case, ppx test <file> will run the command but will not generate <file>.corrected if the new output differs from the one described in the file. Use ocaml-mdx test --non-deterministic <file> to come back to the default behaviour.

Non-deterministic Commands

ocaml-mdx test supports non-deterministic commands:

<!-- $MDX non-deterministic=command -->
```ocaml
# Random.int 10;;
- : int = 5
```

In that case, ocaml-mdx test <file> will not run the command. Use ocaml-mdx test --non-deterministic <file> to come back to the default behaviour.

Alternatively, instead of passing the option it is also possible to set the environment variable MDX_RUN_NON_DETERMINISTIC to make MDX execute non-deterministic blocks. This is useful when not calling MDX directly but through other commands like dune or Makefiles etc. Use MDX_RUN_NON_DETERMINISTIC=1 ocaml-mdx test in this case.

Named execution environments (since mdx 1.1.0)

Separate environments can be defined for blocks:

x holds the value 1 in the environment e1.

<!-- $MDX env=e1 -->
```ocaml
let x = 1;;
```

<!-- $MDX env=e1 -->
```ocaml
module M = struct let k = 42 let f x = x * k end;;
```

x holds the value 3 in the environment e2.

<!-- $MDX env=e2 -->
```ocaml
let x = 3;;
```

We can retrieve the value of x in environment e1:

<!-- $MDX env=e1 -->
```ocaml
# print_int x;;
1
- : unit = ()
# print_int M.k;;
42
- : unit = ()
# M.f;;
- : int -> int = <fun>
```
Matching on the OCaml version (since mdx 1.2.0)

Blocks can be processed or ignored depending on the current version of OCaml.

For example to have a different outcome whether we are past OCaml 4.06:

<!-- $MDX version<4.06 -->
```ocaml
# let f x = x + 1
val f : int -> int = <fun>
# let f y =
  y^"foo"
val f : bytes -> bytes = <fun>
```

<!-- $MDX version>=4.06 -->
```ocaml
# let f x = x + 1
val f : int -> int = <fun>
# let f y =
  y^"foo"
val f : string -> string = <fun>
```

The available operators are <>, >=, >, <=, < and =. The version number can be of the following forms:

  • *

  • X

  • X.Y

  • X.Y.Z

Matching based on the os_type (since mdx 2.4.0)

Block can be processed or ignored depending on the current os_type.

For example, different blocks could be enabled depending on whether we are on Windows or not:

```ocaml
#require "unix"
```

<!-- $MDX os_type<>Win32 -->
```ocaml
# Unix.nice 0
- : int = 0
```

<!-- $MDX os_type=Win32 -->
```ocaml
# Unix.nice 0
Exception: Invalid_argument "Unix.nice not implemented".
```

The os_type values should be written in ASCII and are compared case insensitively.

Environment variables declaration

Environment variables can be declared at the beginning of a block:

<!-- $MDX set-FOO=bar,set-BAR=foo -->
```ocaml
# print_endline (Sys.getenv "FOO")
bar
- : unit = ()
# print_endline (Sys.getenv "BAR")
foo
- : unit = ()
```

Those variables are then available in the subsequent blocks

```ocaml
# print_endline (Sys.getenv "FOO")
bar
- : unit = ()
```

Dependencies (13)

  1. result
  2. camlp-streams
  3. ocaml-version >= "2.3.0"
  4. re >= "1.7.2"
  5. cmdliner >= "1.1.0"
  6. logs >= "0.7.0"
  7. astring
  8. csexp >= "1.3.2"
  9. cppo build & >= "1.1.0"
  10. fmt >= "0.8.7"
  11. ocamlfind
  12. ocaml >= "4.08.0"
  13. dune >= "3.5"

Dev Dependencies (3)

  1. odoc with-doc
  2. alcotest with-test
  3. lwt with-test

Used by (97)

  1. atacama >= "0.0.4"
  2. bastet
  3. bastet_async
  4. bastet_lwt
  5. calculon = "0.4"
  6. calculon-web = "0.4"
  7. camlp5-buildscripts
  8. carbon
  9. cconv-ppx
  10. cid
  11. cohttp-eio
  12. colors
  13. containers-data >= "3.11"
  14. current_git >= "0.6.1"
  15. current_incr >= "0.6.0"
  16. datalog >= "0.6"
  17. diskuvbox
  18. dkml-c-probe < "3.0.0"
  19. dolmen >= "0.8"
  20. dolmen_loop >= "0.9"
  21. domain-local-await
  22. domain-local-timeout
  23. dune-release >= "1.4.0" & < "1.5.2"
  24. eio >= "0.8.1" & < "1.0"
  25. eio_linux != "0.11" & < "1.0"
  26. eio_main >= "0.2" & < "0.6"
  27. eio_posix < "1.0"
  28. electrod >= "0.5"
  29. extism >= "1.0.0"
  30. ezcurl-lwt
  31. fuseau
  32. geojson
  33. geojsone
  34. gitlab < "0.1.1"
  35. gitlab-jsoo < "0.1.1"
  36. gitlab-unix < "0.1.1"
  37. grpc-examples
  38. hilite
  39. http-cookie >= "4.3.0"
  40. http-date
  41. ISO3166
  42. irmin-cli >= "3.8.0"
  43. irmin-unix >= "3.0.0" & < "3.2.1" | = "3.3.0"
  44. iter != "1.2.1"
  45. kcas >= "0.2.1"
  46. kcas_data
  47. lab
  48. lambda_streams
  49. leaves >= "0.0.2"
  50. lwt_eio < "0.2" | >= "0.4"
  51. merlin >= "3.3.0" & != "3.3.4~4.10preview1" & < "3.8.0"
  52. minttea >= "0.0.2"
  53. moonpool
  54. msat = "0.8"
  55. multibase
  56. multicodec
  57. multicore-bench
  58. multihash-digestif
  59. odoc >= "2.0.0" & < "2.3.0"
  60. ortac-qcheck-stm
  61. owi
  62. pa_ppx_parsetree
  63. pa_ppx_q_ast >= "0.11"
  64. pa_ppx_quotation2extension
  65. pa_ppx_regexp < "0.02"
  66. pa_ppx_static < "0.02"
  67. par_incr
  68. pari
  69. pari-bindings
  70. polars
  71. polars_async
  72. ppx_deriving_yaml
  73. preface >= "1.0.0"
  74. pretty_expressive >= "0.2"
  75. printbox-html >= "0.7"
  76. printbox-md
  77. printbox-text
  78. reparse >= "3.0.0"
  79. riot >= "0.0.7"
  80. routes >= "1.0.0"
  81. rtree
  82. search
  83. spelll >= "0.3"
  84. spices >= "0.0.2"
  85. spin = "0.6.0"
  86. thread-table < "1.0.0"
  87. tls-eio
  88. toml >= "7.1.0"
  89. topojson
  90. topojsone
  91. um-abt
  92. uring >= "0.4"
  93. wtr
  94. wtr-ppx
  95. yaml >= "1.0.0"
  96. yaml-sexp
  97. zarith-ppx

Conflicts (1)

  1. result < "1.5"