package oseq

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OSeq: Functional Iterators

include module type of Seq with type 'a node = 'a Seq.node
type 'a t = unit -> 'a node

The type of delayed lists containing elements of type 'a. Note that the concrete list node 'a node is delayed under a closure, not a lazy block, which means it might be recomputed every time we access it.

and 'a node = 'a Seq.node =
  1. | Nil
  2. | Cons of 'a * 'a t

A fully-evaluated list node, either empty or containing an element and a delayed tail.

val concat : 'a t t -> 'a t

concatenate a sequence of sequences.

  • since 4.13
val concat_map : ('a -> 'b t) -> 'a t -> 'b t

Alias for flat_map.

  • since 4.13
type 'a seq = 'a t
type 'a iter = ('a -> unit) -> unit
type 'a gen = unit -> 'a option
type 'a equal = 'a -> 'a -> bool
type 'a ord = 'a -> 'a -> int
type 'a printer = Format.formatter -> 'a -> unit
val empty : 'a t

Empty iterator, with no elements

val return : 'a -> 'a t

One-element iterator

val cons : 'a -> 'a t -> 'a t
val repeat : 'a -> 'a t

Repeat same element endlessly

val head_exn : 'a t -> 'a

Returns first element, or fails.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val tail_exn : 'a t -> 'a t

Returns list without its first element, or fails.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val cycle : 'a t -> 'a t

Cycle through the iterator infinitely. The iterator shouldn't be empty.

# OSeq.(cycle (1--3) |> take 10 |> to_list);;
- : int list = [1; 2; 3; 1; 2; 3; 1; 2; 3; 1]
val iterate : 'a -> ('a -> 'a) -> 'a t

iterate x f is [x; f x; f (f x); f (f (f x)); ...].

# OSeq.(iterate 0 succ |> take 10 |> to_list);;
- : int list = [0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9]
val unfold : ('b -> ('a * 'b) option) -> 'b -> 'a t

Dual of fold, with a deconstructing operation. It keeps on unfolding the 'b value into a new 'b, and a 'a which is yielded, until None is returned.

# OSeq.(unfold (fun x -> if x<5 then Some (string_of_int x, x+1) else None) 0 |> to_list);;
- : string list = ["0"; "1"; "2"; "3"; "4"]
val repeatedly : (unit -> 'a) -> 'a t

Call the same function an infinite number of times (useful for instance if the function is a random iterator).

val init : ?n:int -> (int -> 'a) -> 'a t

Calls the function, starting from 0, on increasing indices. If n is provided and is a positive int, iteration will stop at the limit (excluded). For instance init ~n:4 (fun x->x) will yield 0, 1, 2, and 3.

Basic combinators

val is_empty : _ t -> bool

Check whether the iterator is empty. Pops an element, if any

val fold : ('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b

Fold on the iterator, tail-recursively.

val fold_left : ('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b

Alias to fold

val foldi : (int -> 'b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b

Fold on the iterator, tail-recursively.

  • since 0.3
val reduce : ('a -> 'a -> 'a) -> 'a t -> 'a

Fold on non-empty iterators.

val scan : ('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b t

Like fold, but keeping successive values of the accumulator.

# OSeq.(scan (+) 0 (1--5) |> to_list);;
- : int list = [0; 1; 3; 6; 10; 15]
val unfold_scan : ('b -> 'a -> 'b * 'c) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'c t

A mix of unfold and scan. The current state is combined with the current element to produce a new state, and an output value of type 'c.

val iter : ('a -> unit) -> 'a t -> unit

Iterate on the iterator .

val iteri : (int -> 'a -> unit) -> 'a t -> unit

Iterate on elements with their index in the iterator, from 0.

val length : _ t -> int

Length of an iterator (linear time).

val map : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a t -> 'b t

Lazy map. No iteration is performed now, the function will be called when the result is traversed.

val mapi : (int -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'a t -> 'b t

Lazy map with indexing starting from 0. No iteration is performed now, the function will be called when the result is traversed.

val app : ('a -> 'b) t -> 'a t -> 'b t

Applicative

val fold_map : ('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b t

Lazy fold and map. No iteration is performed now, the function will be called when the result is traversed. The result is an iterator over the successive states of the fold. The final accumulator is discarded. Unlike scan, fold_map does not return the first accumulator.

val append : 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t

Append the two iterators; the result contains the elements of the first, then the elements of the second iterator.

val flatten : 'a t t -> 'a t

Flatten the iterator of iterators

val flat_map : ('a -> 'b t) -> 'a t -> 'b t

Monadic bind; each element is transformed to a sub-iterator which is then iterated on, before the next element is processed, and so on.

val app_interleave : ('a -> 'b) t -> 'a t -> 'b t

Same as app but interleaves the values of the function and the argument iterators. See interleave for more details.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val flat_map_interleave : ('a -> 'b t) -> 'a t -> 'b t

flat_map_interleave f seq is similar to flat_map f seq, except that each sub-sequence is interleaved rather than concatenated in order. See interleave for more details.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val mem : eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a -> 'a t -> bool

Is the given element, member of the iterator?

val take : int -> 'a t -> 'a t

Take at most n elements

val drop : int -> 'a t -> 'a t

Drop n elements

val nth : int -> 'a t -> 'a

n-th element, or Not_found

  • raises Not_found

    if the iterator contains less than n arguments

val take_nth : int -> 'a t -> 'a t

take_nth n g returns every element of g whose index is a multiple of n. For instance take_nth 2 (1--10) |> to_list will return [1;3;5;7;9]

val filter : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t

Filter out elements that do not satisfy the predicate.

val take_while : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t

Take elements while they satisfy the predicate.

val fold_while : ('a -> 'b -> 'a * [ `Stop | `Continue ]) -> 'a -> 'b t -> 'a

Fold elements until ('a, `Stop) is indicated by the accumulator.

val drop_while : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t

Drop elements while they satisfy the predicate.

val filter_map : ('a -> 'b option) -> 'a t -> 'b t

Maps some elements to 'b, drop the other ones

val zip_index : 'a t -> (int * 'a) t

Zip elements with their index in the iterator

val unzip : ('a * 'b) t -> 'a t * 'b t

Unzip into two iterators, splitting each pair

val partition : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t * 'a t

partition p l returns the elements that satisfy p, and the elements that do not satisfy p

val for_all : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> bool

Is the predicate true for all elements?

val exists : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> bool

Is the predicate true for at least one element?

val min : lt:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a

Minimum element, according to the given comparison function.

val max : lt:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a

Maximum element, see min

val equal : eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> bool

Equality of iterators.

val compare : cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> int

Lexicographic comparison of iterators. If a iterator is a prefix of the other one, it is considered smaller.

val find : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a option

find p e returns the first element of e to satisfy p, or None.

val find_map : ('a -> 'b option) -> 'a t -> 'b option

find_map f e returns the result of f on the first element of e for which it returns Some _, or None otherwise.

  • since 0.3
val sum : int t -> int

Sum of all elements

Multiple iterators

val map2 : ('a -> 'b -> 'c) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t

Map on the two iterators. Stops once one of them is exhausted.

val iter2 : ('a -> 'b -> unit) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> unit

Iterate on the two iterators. Stops once one of them is exhausted.

val fold2 : ('acc -> 'a -> 'b -> 'acc) -> 'acc -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'acc

Fold the common prefix of the two iterators

val for_all2 : ('a -> 'b -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> bool

Succeeds if all pairs of elements satisfy the predicate. Ignores elements of an iterator if the other runs dry.

val exists2 : ('a -> 'b -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> bool

Succeeds if some pair of elements satisfy the predicate. Ignores elements of an iterator if the other runs dry.

val zip_with : ('a -> 'b -> 'c) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t

Combine common part of the gens (stops when one is exhausted)

val zip : 'a t -> 'b t -> ('a * 'b) t

Zip together the common part of the gens

Complex combinators

val merge : 'a t t -> 'a t

Pick elements fairly in each sub-iterator. The merge of gens e1, e2, ... picks elements in e1, e2, in e3, e1, e2 .... Once an iterator is empty, it is skipped; when they are all empty, and none remains in the input, their merge is also empty. For instance, merge [1;3;5] [2;4;6] will be, in disorder, 1;2;3;4;5;6.

val intersection : cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t

Intersection of two sorted iterators. Only elements that occur in both inputs appear in the output

val sorted_merge : cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t

Merge two sorted iterators into a sorted iterator

val round_robin : ?n:int -> 'a t -> 'a t list

Split the iterator into n iterators in a fair way. Elements with index = k mod n with go to the k-th iterator. n default value is 2.

val interleave : 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t

interleave a b yields an element of a, then an element of b, and so on. When one of the iterators is exhausted, this behaves like the other iterator.

val intersperse : 'a -> 'a t -> 'a t

Put the separator element between all elements of the given iterator

val product : 'a t -> 'b t -> ('a * 'b) t

Cartesian product, in no predictable order. Works even if some of the arguments are infinite.

val product3 : 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t -> ('a * 'b * 'c) t

Cartesian product of three iterators, see product.

  • since 0.2
val product4 : 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t -> 'd t -> ('a * 'b * 'c * 'd) t

Cartesian product of four iterators, see product.

  • since 0.2
val product5 : 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t -> 'd t -> 'e t -> ('a * 'b * 'c * 'd * 'e) t

Cartesian product of five iterators, see product.

  • since 0.2
val product6 : 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t -> 'd t -> 'e t -> 'f t -> ('a * 'b * 'c * 'd * 'e * 'f) t

Cartesian product of six iterators, see product.

  • since 0.2
val product7 : 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t -> 'd t -> 'e t -> 'f t -> 'g t -> ('a * 'b * 'c * 'd * 'e * 'f * 'g) t

Cartesian product of seven iterators, see product.

  • since 0.2
val cartesian_product : 'a t t -> 'a list t

Produce the cartesian product of this list of lists, by returning all the ways of picking one element per sublist. NOTE the order of the returned list is unspecified. For example:

# cartesian_product [[1;2];[3];[4;5;6]] |> sort =
[[1;3;4];[1;3;5];[1;3;6];[2;3;4];[2;3;5];[2;3;6]];;
# cartesian_product [[1;2];[];[4;5;6]] = [];;
# cartesian_product [[1;2];[3];[4];[5];[6]] |> sort =
[[1;3;4;5;6];[2;3;4;5;6]];;

invariant: cartesian_product l = map_product_l id l.

  • since 0.2
val map_product_l : ('a -> 'b t) -> 'a t -> 'b list t

map_product_l f l maps each element of l to a list of objects of type 'b using f. We obtain [l1;l2;...;ln] where length l=n and li : 'b list. Then, it returns all the ways of picking exactly one element per li.

  • since 0.2
val group : eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t t

Group equal consecutive elements together.

val uniq : eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t

Remove consecutive duplicate elements. Basically this is like fun e -> map List.hd (group e).

val sort : cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t

Sort according to the given comparison function. The iterator must be finite.

val sort_uniq : cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t

Sort and remove duplicates. The iterator must be finite.

val chunks : int -> 'a t -> 'a array t

chunks n e returns a iterator of arrays of length n, composed of successive elements of e. The last array may be smaller than n

val permutations : 'a list -> 'a list t

Permutations of the list.

val combinations : int -> 'a t -> 'a list t

Combinations of given length. The ordering of the elements within each combination is unspecified. Example (ignoring ordering): combinations 2 (1--3) |> to_list = [[1;2]; [1;3]; [2;3]]

val power_set : 'a t -> 'a list t

All subsets of the iterator (in no particular order). The ordering of the elements within each subset is unspecified.

Relational combinators

module type HashedType = Hashtbl.HashedType

A type that can be compared and hashed. invariant: for any x and y, if equal x y then hash x=hash y must hold.

val group_by : (module HashedType with type t = 'key) -> project:('a -> 'key) -> 'a t -> ('key * 'a list) t

Group together elements that project onto the same key, ignoring their order of appearance. The order of each resulting list is unspecified.

This function needs to consume the whole input before it can emit anything.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val group_by_fold : (module HashedType with type t = 'key) -> project:('a -> 'key) -> fold:('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> init:'b -> 'a t -> ('key * 'b) t

Group together elements that project onto the same key, folding them into some aggregate of type 'b as they are met. This is the most general version of the "group_by" functions.

This function needs to consume the whole input before it can emit anything.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val group_count : (module HashedType with type t = 'a) -> 'a t -> ('a * int) t

Map each distinct element to its number of occurrences in the whole seq. Similar to group_by_fold hash_key ~project:(fun x->x) ~fold:(fun a _->a+1) ~init:0 seq.

This function needs to consume the whole input before it can emit anything.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val join_by : (module HashedType with type t = 'key) -> project_left:('a -> 'key) -> project_right:('b -> 'key) -> merge:('key -> 'a -> 'b -> 'c option) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t

join_by ~project_left ~project_right ~merge a b takes every pair of elements x from a and y from b, and if they map onto the same key k by project_left and project_right respectively, and if merge k x y = Some res, then it yields res.

If merge k x y returns None, the combination of values is discarded.

This function works with infinite inputs, it does not have to consume the whole input before yielding elements.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val join_by_fold : (module HashedType with type t = 'key) -> project_left:('a -> 'key) -> project_right:('b -> 'key) -> init:'c -> merge:('key -> 'a -> 'b -> 'c -> 'c) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t

join_by_fold ~project_left ~project_right ~init ~merge a b takes every pair of elements x from a and y from b, and if they map onto the same key k by project_left and project_right respectively, it fold x and y into the accumulator for this key (which starts at init).

This function consumes both inputs entirely before it emits anything.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE

Basic conversion functions

val of_list : 'a list -> 'a t

Enumerate elements of the list

val to_list : 'a t -> 'a list

non tail-call trasnformation to list, in the same order

val to_rev_list : 'a t -> 'a list

Tail call conversion to list, in reverse order (more efficient)

val to_array : 'a t -> 'a array

Convert the iterator to an array (not very efficient). The iterator must be memoized, as it's traversed twice.

val of_array : ?start:int -> ?len:int -> 'a array -> 'a t

Iterate on (a slice of) the given array

val of_gen : 'a gen -> 'a t

Build a functional iterator from a mutable, imperative generator. The result is properly memoized and can be iterated on several times, as a normal functional value.

val of_gen_transient : 'a gen -> 'a t

Build a functional iterator from a mutable, imperative generator. Note that the resulting iterator is not going to be really functional because the underlying generator can be consumed only once. Use memoize to recover the proper semantics, or use of_gen directly.

val to_gen : 'a t -> 'a gen

Build a mutable iterator that traverses this functional iterator.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val of_string : ?start:int -> ?len:int -> string -> char t

Iterate on bytes of the string

val to_string : char t -> string

Convert into a string

val to_buffer : Buffer.t -> char t -> unit

Traverse the iterator and writes its content to the buffer

val to_iter : 'a t -> 'a iter

Iterate on the whole sequence.

  • since NEXT_RELEASE
val concat_string : sep:string -> string t -> string

concat_string ~sep s concatenates all strings of i, separated with sep. The iterator must be memoized.

  • since 0.3
val lines : char t -> string t

Group together chars belonging to the same line

val unlines : string t -> char t

Explode lines into their chars, adding a '\n' after each one

module Infix : sig ... end
include module type of Infix
val (--) : int -> int -> int t

Integer range, inclusive

val (--^) : int -> int -> int t

Integer range, exclusive in the right bound

val (>>=) : 'a t -> ('a -> 'b t) -> 'b t

Monadic bind operator

val (>>|) : 'a t -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'b t

Infix map operator

val (>|=) : 'a t -> ('a -> 'b) -> 'b t

Infix map operator

val (<*>) : ('a -> 'b) t -> 'a t -> 'b t
val pp : ?sep:string -> 'a printer -> 'a t printer

Pretty print the content of the iterator on a formatter.

val memoize : 'a t -> 'a t

Store content of the transient iterator in memory, to be able to iterate on it several times later.

Easy interface to Produce Iterators

module Generator : sig ... end

This interface is designed to make it easy to build complex streams of values in a way that resembles Python's generators (using "yield").

module IO : sig ... end
module type MONAD = sig ... end
module Traverse (M : MONAD) : sig ... end
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