package base

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package base
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module F (Hash : Hash_intf.S) : Hash_intf.Full with type hash_value = Hash.hash_value and type state = Hash.state and type seed = Hash.seed

The code of ppx_hash is agnostic to the choice of hash algorithm that is used. However, it is not currently possible to mix various choices of hash algorithms in a given code base.

We experimented with:

  • custom hash algorithms implemented in OCaml (a) and C (b);
  • OCaml's internal hash function (c) (which is a custom version of Murmur3, implemented in C)
  • siphash, a modern hash function implemented in C (d).

Our findings were as follows:

  • Implementing our own custom hash algorithms in OCaml and C yielded very little performance improvement over the (c) proposal, without providing the benefit of being a peer-reviewed, widely used hash function.
  • Siphash (a modern hash function with an internal state of 32 bytes) has a worse performance profile than (a,b,c) above (hashing takes more time). Since its internal state is bigger than an OCaml immediate value, one must either manage allocation of such state explicitly, or paying the cost of allocation each time a hash is computed. While being a supposedly good hash function (with good hash quality), this quality was not translated in measurable improvemenets in our macro benchmarks. (Also, based on the data available at the time of writing, it's unclear that other hash algorithms in this class would be more than marginally faster.)
  • By contrast, using the internal combinators of OCaml hash function means that we do not allocate (the internal state of this hash function is 32 bit) and have the same quality and performance as Hashtbl.hash.

Hence, we are here making the choice of using this Internalhash (that is, Murmur3, the OCaml hash algorithm as of 4.03) as our hash algorithm. It means that the state of the hash function does not need to be preallocated, and makes for simpler use in hash tables and other structures.

include Hash_intf.Full with type state = private int and type seed = int and type hash_value = int
val description : string

Name of the hash-function, e.g. "internalhash", "siphash"

type state = private int

state is the internal hash-state used by the hash function.

val fold_int : state -> int -> state

fold_<T> state v incorporates a value v of type <T> into the hash-state, returning a modified hash-state. Implementations of the fold_<T> functions may mutate the state argument in place, and return a reference to it. Implementations of the fold_<T> functions should not allocate.

val fold_int64 : state -> int64 -> state
val fold_float : state -> float -> state
val fold_string : state -> string -> state
type seed = int

seed is the type used to seed the initial hash-state.

val alloc : unit -> state

alloc () returns a fresh uninitialized hash-state. May allocate.

val reset : ?seed:seed -> state -> state

reset ?seed state initializes/resets a hash-state with the given seed, or else a default-seed. Argument state may be mutated. Should not allocate.

type hash_value = int

hash_value The type of hash values, returned by get_hash_value

val get_hash_value : state -> hash_value

get_hash_value extracts a hash-value from the hash-state.

module For_tests : sig ... end
type 'a folder = state -> 'a -> state
val create : ?seed:seed -> unit -> state

create ?seed () is a convenience. Equivalent to reset ?seed (alloc ())

val of_fold : (state -> 'a -> state) -> 'a -> hash_value

of_fold fold constructs a standard hash function from an existing fold function

module Builtin : Hash_intf.Builtin_intf with type state := state and type 'a folder := 'a folder and type hash_value := hash_value
val run : ?seed:seed -> 'a folder -> 'a -> hash_value

run ?seed folder x runs folder on x in a newly allocated hash-state, initialized using optional seed or a default-seed.

The following identity exists: run [%hash_fold: T] == [%hash: T]

run can be used if we wish to run a hash-folder with a non-default seed.

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